Slow Movement

Welcome readers!

💠 Slow Movement :-

"Slow down and everything you are

closing will come around and catch you"

~ John De Paola

                  It is a culture revolution against the notion that faster is always better. The slow philosophy is not about doing everything at a snail's pace. It is about seeking to do everything at the right speed.

                       Carl Honore's 2004 book  In Praise Of Slow , in this book we find that he explored how the slow philosophy might be applied in very field of human endeavour and coined the phrase " Slow Movement ".  And also Jean Baudrillard, Paul Virilio and Ulrich Beck who gave the different way to outcome the danger of speed. Jean Baudrillard described the term, " Simulacra " of postmodern life which have taken the place of real objects. Baudrillard geve the description of reality and artificial things that how its changes the life of people.

Ulrich Beck discussed on the risk society. Risk theory for cultural studies reveals the extent that society or Culture thrives on risk providing information about potential risk, possible solution and so on. Beck said that while looking for the solution of the problem, the solution itself turn down to be problem. Thus, above all information we can say that Slow Movement creates the way of dangerous which put harm effect on society.  All above three Baudrillard, Virilio and Beck gave idea of new technology, speed of science and risk society which connected with culture. And also life of people.

Thinking Activity : Digital humanity

Hello friends !

                Welcome to my blog.


💠 Define digital humidity ?

                The digital humanities, also known as humanities computing is a field of study, research, teaching, and invention concerned with the intersection of computing and the disciplines of the humanities. It is methodological by nature and interdisciplinary in scope. It involves investigation, analysis, synthesis and presentation of information in electronic form. It studies how these media affect the disciplines in which they are used, and what they discipline have to contribute to our knowledge of computing .

                The real origin of the term digital humanities was in conversation with Andrew McNeillie,  the original aquiring editor for the Blackwell Companion to Digital Humanities. In 2008 the Digital Humanities Initiative became the Office of Digital Humanities, the designation of “office” assigning the program (and its budget line) a permanent place within the agency. 

Thinking Activity : cultural study in practice : Frankenstein and writer's market

Welcome readers !

♣️ Frankenstein in contemporary Indian culture :-

             In the Routledge Literary Sourcebook on Frankenstein, Timothy Marton uses the term Frankenphemes, drawn from Phonemes ( Sonic elements of language as used in structural linguistic)and graphemes (visual elements), as " elements of culture that are derived from Frankenstein". Broadly defined, Frankenphemes demonstrate the entext of the novel's presence in world cultures, as the encoding of race and class in the 1824 Canning speech in parliament, in today's global debates about such thing as a genetically engineered food and of course in fiction and other media .

♣️ The Greatest Horror Story Ever Written :- 

                   Frankenstein's fictions Peter Haining , editor of the indispensable Frankenstein Omnibus has called Frankenstein "the single greatest Horror Story novel ever written and the most widely influential in its genre".  Apparently the first writer to attempt a straightforward short tail inspired by Frankenstein was Herman melville whose story "The Bell Tower"  was published in puritan monthly magazine in 1855. In Renaissance Italy, a scientist constructs a mechanical man to ring the hours on a bill in a tall tower, but it turns instead upon its creator .

         Jack London's early story " A Thousand Deaths" (1897) is a gruesome science fiction tele of a scientist who stays at sea on his laboratory ship, repeatedly killing then reviving his son, until the son has enough and kills his father.

♣️ Frankenstein On The Stage :-

                     The first theatrical presentation based on Frankenstein was Presumption or, The Fate of Frankenstein by Richard Brinsley Peake , performed at the English Opera House in London in the summer of 1823 and  subsequently reviewed meny time. Mary Shelley her self attend the play and pronounced it authentic. But this "serious" drama immediately inspired parodies , first with Frankenstitch in 1823, a burlesque featuring a tailor , who as the " Needle Prometheus " sews a body out of nine corpses later that year opened Franke-n-steam , in which a student foolishly revives the corpse of a bailiff.

                 In modern time Frankenstein has been a staple of many stages. Frankenstein And His Bride was performed at a club called Strip City in Los Angeles in the late 1950s. " Oh, What A Beautiful Morning" and " Ghoul of My Dreams". The children's production H. R. Pufustuf toured the United States in 1972 and featured Witchiepoo the which creating a Frankenstein monster.

♣️ Film Adaptation :-

              In the Frankenstein Omnibus, readers can study the screenplay fourth 1931 James Whale film Frankenstein, the most famous of all adaptations , It was loosely based on the novel with the addition of new elements, including the placing of a criminal brain into the monsters body . The first film version of Frankenstein, however, was produced by Thomas Edison in 1910 , a one-real tinted silent . The early film, including this one, were able to move away from the melodrama and clumsy moralism of the stage production and focus on more dreamlike and bizarre episodes that have more to do with the novels theme of creation.  Farly German films that were heavily influenced by this Frankenstein were The Cabinet of Dr Caligari (1920) , The Golem (1920), and Metropolis (1927).



         

                       

Cultural study in practice : "Hamlet" and "To his coy mistress".

Welcome readers !

♣️Two characters in Hamlet : marginalization with a vengeance :-

                       Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet's fellow students from Wittenberg . In response to Claudius's plan to send Hamlet to England, Rosencrantz delivers a speech that-if read out of context-is both an excellent set of metaphors and a summation of the Elizabethan concept of the role and power of kingship . Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are among the jellyfish of Shakespeare's characters. The two are distinctly plot driven : empty of personality, sycophantic in a snivelling way, eager to curry favor with power even if it means spying on their erstwhile friend .

♣️ According to Murray J. Levith : 

          " Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are from the Dutch-German : literally , 'garland of roses' and 'golden star'. Although of religious origin, both names together sound singsong and odd ti English ears. Their jingling give them a lightness, and blurs the individuality of the characters the table ".

♣️ According to Harley Granville Barker :

              Harley Granville Barker once wrote in an offhand way of the reaction these two roles call up for actors. Commenting on Solanio and Salarino from The Merchant of Venice  . He noted that their roles are " cursed by actors as the two worst bored in the whole Shakespeare's Canon; not expecting, even those other twin brethren in nonentity , Rosencrantz and Guildenstern".

                 In the  20th century the dead, or never living, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern were resuscitated by Tom Stoppard in a fascinating re-seeing of their existence ,or its lack . Ine Stoppard's version they are even more obviously two inffectual pawn ,seeking constantly to know who they are , why they are here , where they are going. Whether they "are" at all may be the ultimate question of the modern play. In Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead , Stoppard has given the contemporary audience a play that examines existential fashion in the context of a whole world that may have no meaning at all .

                   Whether in Shakespeare's version or Stoppard's, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are no more than what Rosencrantz called a "small annexment" a " petty consequences", mere nothing for the "massy wheel" of Kings.

🔲 "TO HIS COY MISTRESS" :-

                      Andrew Marvell's " To his Coy mistress" tell the reader a good deal about speakers of the poem, much of which is already clear from earlier comments in this volume, using traditional approaches. We know that the speaker is  knowledgeable about poem and conventions of classic Greek and Roman literature, about other conventions of love poetry, such as the courtly love convention of the mediaeval Europe and about Biblical passage. 

                      The first stanza, says Jules Brody , shows "its insistent, exaggerated literariness " and in the second stanza Brody see not only the conventional carpe diem theme from Horace but also echoes from Ovid, joined by other echoes from the book of common prayer from the Greek Anthology . In other words, the speaker is a highly educated person, one who is well read, one whose natural flow of associated images move lightly over details and illusions that reflect who he is , and he expect his hearer or reader to respond in a kind of harmonic vibration . He think in terms of precious stones, of exotic and distant places, of a milieu where eating, drinking and making merry seems to be an achievable way of life.

                        But what does he not show ? As he selects these rich and multifarious allusions, what does he ignore from his culture? now consider historical reality, a dimension that the poem ignores. Consider disease real and present disease what has been called the "chronic morbidity" of the population. Although the speaker thrusts disease and death into the future, we know that syphilis and other sexually transmitted disease where just is real phenomenon a in Marvell's day as in our era. What was the reality that the speaker chooses not to think about, as he pushes off death and the "vault" to some distant time?

                 

                       

                        

                      

Thanking Activity : Nature

"Nature "

Welcome readers,

A thing of beauty is a joy forever:

It's loveliness increases ;

It will never pass into nothingness .

~John Keats

                      We all know that the beauty of nature around us is one of the greatest blessings of God on us .  And it is also true that  nature never goes out of style . The beauty of nature always gives us happiness and also calmness . when we become upset at that time we spend our most of time with nature and try to observe all the small things of nature . And through these all the things we find newness and freshness and also nature makes us feel more alive and also its makes us accept our every positiveness . 

∆ WILLIAM WORDSWORTH  : 

                       
 we all know that William Wordsworth is a worshipper of nature. And he believed that there is a divine spirit for pervanding all the object of nature. And Wordsworth believed that the company of nature  gives joy to the human hearts and lookd upon nature as a exercising healing influence on sorrow-stricken hearts .

♣️ S T Coleridge's  view  about nature :-

                  The relationship between Coleridge and nature forms an important component in Coleridge's poetry and prose writing .  This study demonstrate the vital relationship between Coleridge and nature at the beginning of his career as a poet . Coleridge later changed his attitude toward nature and consider is a spiritless object . He was innovative and creative when he established organic relation with nature, as  manifested in his great poems such as  "Frost at Midnight" and " Kubla Khan", but when Coleridge distrusted nature and his view about it converged , he ceased to be a poet , or at least stopped creating great poem .  He realized that his imagination regenerated whenever he was with nature , but for unknown reasons, he ignored the axiom that nature for the romantic poet is like water and fish . (www.ijhssenet.com)

∆ MY PERSONAL EXPERIENCE WITH NATURE :-

                     Here I would like to put my personal experience with nature. When I become upset that time I spend my time with nature . Here is some of pictures of nature which is clicked by me .

Thank you........

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

Hello readers !

                     

      

                        Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (born : 24 February 1942) is an Indian scholar , Literary theorist and feminist critic. She is a University professor at Columbia University and a founding member of the establishment's Institute for comparative literature and society .

                       Considered one of the most influential postcolonial intellectuals, Spivak is best known for her essay " Can the subaltern speak? " And for her translation of and introduction to Jacques Derrida's De la grammatologie .

                Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is the most important figure in postcolonial feminism, who examines the effect of political independence upon " subaltern" or subproletarian women in the third world . Spivak's subaltern studies reveal how female subjects are silenced by the dialogue between the male-dominated West and male-dominated East offering little hope for the subaltern woman's voice to rise up amidst the global social institutions that oppress her .

                    

♣️ Can The Subaltern speak ? 

              Can the subaltern speak ? (1988)  by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak relates to the manner in which western culture investigate other cultures . In this work Spivak introduce the question of gender and sexual difference . Spivak use the example of the Indian Sati practice of widow suicide , however the main significance of it is in its first part which presents the ethical problems of investigating a different culture base on "universal"  concepts and frameworks. Then it critically deals with an array of western writers starting from Marx to Faucault , Deleuze and Derrida . Subaltern according to Spivak is those who belong to the third world countries . It is impossible for them to speak up as they are divided by gender , region , religion and other narratives . These divisions do not allow them to stand up in unity . According to Spivak ,

" The Subaltern can not speak . There is no virtue in global laundry lists with ' woman' as a pious item . Representation has not withered away . The female intellectual as intellectual has a circumscribed task which the must not disown with a flourish."

Cultural studies : five types of cultural studies

Hello readers !

♣️ British cultural materialism :-

                         This is first type of cultural  studies. Cultural study is referred to as "cultural materialism " in Britain, and it has a long tradition . In modern Britain two trajectories for " culture " developed.

1. one led back to the past and the feudal hierarchies that ordered community in the past; here, culture acted in its sacred function as preserver of the past .
2. The other trajectory led toward a future, socialist utopia that would annul the distinction between labour and leisure classes and make transformation of status, not fixity , the norm .

             This cultural materialism furnished  a leftist orientation " critical of the aestheticism, formalism, antihistoricism,  and apoliticism common among the dominant postwar methods of academic literary criticism" ; such was the description in the Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism . Cultural materialism began in earnest in the 1950s with the work of F. R. Leavis heavily influenced by Matthew Arnold's analysis of bourgeois culture.  Althusser saw popular literature as merely " carrying the baggage of a culture's ideology", whereas " high" literature retained more autonomy and hence had more power. Walter Benjamin attacked fascism by questioning the value of what he called the " aura" of culture . Feminism was also important for cultural materialists in recognizing how seemingly "disinterested" thought is shaped by power Structures such as patriarchy .

♣️ New Historicism :-

💠What is contribution of Michel foucault in new historicism ? :-

                           Michael Warner phrases new historicism's motto as, " the text is  historical and history is a textual". New historicism concerns itself with extraliterary matters - letters, diaries , films, paintings, medical treatises--looking to reveal opposing historical tension in a text. Michel foucault, new historicists developed the idea of a broad " totalizing" function of culture observable in its literary texts, with foucault called the episteme . For foucault history was not the working out of "universal" ideas: because we cannot know the governing ideas of the past or the present, we should not imagine that"we" even have a "center" for mapping the "real". Furthermore, history itself is a form of social oppression, told in a series of ruptures with previous ages; it is a more accurately described as discontinuous, riven by " fault lines" that must be integrated into succeeding cultures by the epistemes of power and knowledge . A new episteme  will render obsolete our way of organizing knowledge and telling history .

💠How can new historicism help in answering the question raised against Laputa episode in a Gulliver's Travels .

                         " The Flying Island and Female Anatomy : Gynaecology and Power in gulliver's Travels"  Susan Bruce offers a reading  of book III that makes some new historicists sense out of Swift's use of laputa . Laputa is gigantic trope of the female body : the circular island with a round chasm at the centre, through which the astronomers of island descend to a domelike structure of the " Flandona Gagnole " or " astronomer's cave ". As Bruce remarks , " it is this which engenders the name of the island : in a paradigmatic instance of misogyny, the achievement of male control over female body itself readers that body the whore : Laputa ".  Bruce connects the man's "doomed attempt of various types of science to control the women's body " to debate about language in book III . " A voyage to Laputa ", control of women has to mean control of their discourse as well as their sexuality reflecting the contemporary debate of Swift's day .

💠 Exemplify four types of analysis of popular culture ?

                    Here we find four main types of Popular  culture analysis,

1. Production analysis
2. Textual analysis
3. Audience analysis
4. Historical analysis

                       Postmodernist tend to speak more of subject positions rather than the humanist notion of independent individuals . 

👉 Production analysis asked the following kind of questions : who owns the media ? Who creates text and why ? Under what constraints ? How democratic or elitist is the production of popular culture ? What about works written only for money?

👉 Textual analysis examines how specific works of popular culture create meanings .

👉 Audience analysis ask how different groups of popular culture consumers, or users, make similar or different sense of the same texts .

👉 Historical analysis investigates how the other three dimensions change over time .

💠 Difference between modernism and postmodernism :-

     

                 Postmodernism questions everything rationalist European philosophy held to be true arguing that it is all contigent and the most cultural constructions have served the function of empowering member of a dominant social group at the expense of " others ".  modernist literature rejected the Victorian aesthetic of prescriptive morality and using new techniques drawn from psychology, experimented with point of view, time, space, and stream of consciousness writing. Major figure of " high modernism"  radical redefined poetry and fiction included Virginia Woolf, James Joyce , TS Eliot , William Faulkner etc. Modernist novels sought to be metafictive , or self referencial about their status as text, their production as art, and their reception . Postmodernism borrows from modernism disillusionment with givens of society;  a penchant for irony ; the self conscious " play" within the work of art; fragmentation and ambiguity ; and a destructured, decentered, dehumanized subject . but while modernism presented a fragmented view of human history, this fragmentation was seen as tragic . Postmodernism refers " mini- narratives " of local events . Similarly, Jean Baudrillard describes the " simulacra" of postmodern life which have taken the place of "real" objects .

Thank you.........

                   

Cultural studies

Hello readers !

             We all know that cultural studies deal with culture as a part of everyday life. Cultural studies , interdisciplinary field concerned with the role of social institutions in the shipping of culture .

# So, here I will put one link,  the following link of cultural studies workshop will also make certain points clear .

👉 https://ritadabhi.blogspot.com/2019/12/workshop-on-cultural-study.html?m=1

                     

♣️ What is Culture :-

"culture does not make people. People make culture.
 If it is true that the full humanity of women  is not our culture,
 then we can and must  make it our culture ."

~ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

                        Culture is the complex and broad set of relationships, values, attitudes and behaviors that bind a specific community consciously and unconsciously.
             
              " A culture is a way of life of a group of people - the behaviour, belief, value and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them and that are passed along by communication and imitation from the generation to the next ."

♣️ What is cultural study :-

                    Cultural study is a composed of element of Marxism, poststructuralism and postmodernism, feminism, gender studies , anthropology, sociology, race and ethics studies, film theory, urban studies, public policy, popular culture studies, and postcolonial studies: those fields that concentrate of social and cultural forces that either create community or cause cause division and alienation .

                  Patrick Brantlinger  has  pointed out, cultural study is not "a tightly coherent, unified movement with a fixed agenda", but "a loosely coherent group of tendencies, issues, and questions".  Ronald Barthes on the nature of literary language and Claude Levi Strauss on anthropology, cultural study was influenced by structuralism and poststructuralism . Jacques Derrida's "Deconstruction" of the world/text distinction, like all his deconstruction of hierarchical oppositions, has urged or enabled cultural critics " to erase the boundaries between high and low culture, classic and popular literary text and literature and other cultural discourses that following Derrida may be seen as a manifestations of the same textuality".

♣️ Four goals of cultural studies :-

                        Cultural studies approaches generally share four goals . And these four goals are ,

👉 Cultural studies transcends the confines of a particular discipline such as Literary Criticism or history .

👉 Cultural studies is politically engaged.

👉 Cultural studies denise the separation of " high" and  " low" or elite and popular culture .

👉 Cultural studies analyzes not only the cultural work , but also the means of  production .

♣️ Power at the centre of cultural studies

"Nearly all men can stand adversity,

but if you want to test a man's character,

give him power".

~Abraham Lincoln 

                   We all know  that in every culture there are some people in society who has different power in there hand and there try to control over marginalised people who haven't  power and even haven't  voice for raises their questions. High cultured people always make their high place in society and rules in society . We can include politicians and governments and other higher class people. So, we can say that power is the centre in cultural studies . Power is the driving force of any system .

Ecocriticism and ecofeminism

Ecocriticism

&

Ecofeminism

Hello readers !


♣️ Ecocriticism :-

Ecocriticism is the study of literature and the environment from interdisciplinary point of view. Where literature scholars analyse text that literature environmental concern and examine the various way literature trades the subject of nature .

                 Ecocriticism is a term used for the observation and study of the relationship between the literature and Earth's environment . Cheryll Glotfelty's working definition in the Ecocriticism readers is that," Ecocriticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment ", and one of the implicit goal of the approach is to recoup professional dignity for what Glotfelty call the " undervalued genre of nature writing ".
Lawrence Buell define " ecocriticism'...... as a study of the relationship between literature and the environment conducted in a spirit of commitment to environmentalist praxis".

♣️ Ecofeminism :-

                 

                            Ecofeminism depicts moment and philosophies that link feminism with ecology.  It is believed that the term was coined by the the French writer Françoise d'Eaubonne in her book, "Le Feminisme ou la Mort" (1974). Ecofeminism connects the exploitation and domination of women to the environment, and argues that there is a connection between human and nature . Ecofeminist believed that his connection is illustrated through the traditionally 'female' values of reciprocity, nurturing and cooperations which are are present both among women and in nature . Additionally, ecofeminist draw connections between menstruation and moon cycles, childbirth and creation etc. Ecofeminism is an interdisciplinary movement that call for a new way of thinking about nature, politics and spirituality. Ecofeminist theory questions for projects previously held patriarchal paradigms and hold that the domination of women by men is intimately linked to the destruction of the environment .